.: HUMAN RIGHTS :. This Examen has 74 questions First name:   Last name:   E-mail   Street address   Post number   6 City   Contry     1 Human rights are rights we have Because we are human beings If we live in a state that is a member of the United Nations Because we are endowed with reason and conscience 2 Human rights shall ensure that All human beings get their basic needs fulfilled All human beings treat each other with respect All people can live the way they want 3 The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted By the European countries after the First World War By the UN member states after the Second World War By the UN and NATO member states after the cold war 4 Human rights are first and foremost promoted by Human rights organisations The state authorities in each country                 Each and every citizen The state authorities in each country Each and every citizen 5 If the state authorities do not respect and promote human rights for its citizens The country can no longer be a member of the UN There is nothing the other states can do about it the international community have a right to criticise the country 6 When a state ratify international agreements on human rights, it means that The human rights have been put into effect in that country The human rights will be put into effect in that country The state do not agree about the content of the agreement 7 An international declaration of human rights is An oral agreement in which the state leaders agree to cooperate on specific human rights challenges A document which the states can vote for if they agree on the contents a document that is legally binding for the states if they choose to ratify it. 8 A Covenant is ratified when The state, in a particular procedure, obliges itself to respect it The UN has evaluated and approved on the human rights conditions in the country The state declares that it agrees on the contents of the covenant 9 When a state has ratified a Covenant it has to Report to the international organisation on how the covenant´s regulations are being implemented Demand that other member states do the same Fulfil the covenant´s human rights regulations the next day 10 Implementing human rights is a longterm goal because It takes a long time to change societies The ratification procedure is very complicated and takes a long time They are not possible as long as some people are richer than others 11 The UN Universal Declaration was a big step forward because The idea of human rights was new The human rights situation under the Second World War (1939-1945) was horrible States from all over the world for the first time in history agreed on some basic rights for all human beings 12 It is important to learn about human rights because We all probably sooner or later will become victims of human rights abuses It is time to think of other people than ourselves We then can be better prepared to demand our own rights and to respect the rights of others 13 When was the first time human rights applied to human beings all over the world? In 1948 when the UN Universal Declaration was adopted In the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries Forever 14 Why did human rights come to existence? Because individuals and groups throughout history have fought for better living conditions for themselves and their fellow human beings Because of the church´s role in the medieval times Because people in power wanted to create better lives for all 15 The philosophers in the Antiquity claimed that All people had the same faculties of reason and conscience Somebody had more reason and conscience than others Some people did not have reason or conscience at all 16 The idea of human rights had its historical origin in The Renaissance (1300-1600) where there was a renewed focus on individual rights The Antiquity and the thoughts of "natural laws" The Universal Declaration of Human Rights from 1948 17 Human Rights had a law profile during  medieval times because the Church believed that God wanted people in groups above and below each other, and that the social system therefore should not be changed  People had more need for a God than for food and clothes Not all people had reason and conscience 18 John Locke claimed that There should be different laws for the emperors and the ordinary people The state should exist to serve the people and not the other way around People should live in a state which decided how the society should be organised 19 In the 18th and 19th centuries human rights experienced progress because There were new social groups in America and France who through "freedom revolutions" demanded more rights Peasants rioted against land owners The highest classes wanted a more equal distribution of the resources 20 The revolutions in America and France resulted in Human rights for the first time was being accepted by the upper classes The development of human rights took a step backwords Human rights being transformed into laws in these countries 21 The Norwegian constitution of 1814 Does not contain human rights at all Contains some human rights Contains the 30 articles in the Universal Declaration on Human Rights 22 The early Labour movement fought first and foremost for The right to run their own business without state interference The right to go on holidays abroad The right to social and economic rights 23 Nazism claims that A third of the population in the world are Jews Jews are "subhumans" and subordinated to people of German blood States must group people according to the colour of their skin 24 The Nuremberg Laws from 1935 resulted in Discrimination against the Jews was made mandatory All Germans discriminating against the Jews The hatred against the Jews being reduced for some years 25 Human Rights became an issue at the UN conference in San Fransisco in 1945 because Human Rights Organisations were highly influential The victors of WWII wanted to put them on the agenda People around the world got information about torture and massmurder that took place during the war, and therefore lobbied the heads of state 26 The UN Commission on Human Rights consisted of Representatives from all North-American and European states State representatives from different countries all over the world Representatives from the victors after WWII 27 The Universal Declaration on Human Rights introduced a new dimension in the world community because From now on all citizens all over the world could do just what they wanted For the first time in history human rights were universal, and applied to people all over the world The UN became the first global peace organisation 28 The Universal Declaration is said to have been "a stroke of good luck in history" because It came about during a completely unique global situation in which the countries experienced an unusual sense of togetherness Never in history had the world needed human rights more than just then Human rights came on the UN agenda by a coincidence 29 The International Bill of Rights consists of The Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights The Universal Declaration on Human Rights, The Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights All international documents on human rights together 30 Human Rights became legally binding for the states in 1976 when 35 of the UN member countries had ratified the two Covenants 1948 when the Universal Declaration was adopted 1966 when the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights was ready for ratifications 31 Do you also want to work for human rights? Yes, maybe! Yes, absolutely! No, not at all! 32 When did the International Covenant on Civil and Political rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural rights get adopted by the UN General Assembly? In 1966 In 1978 In 1948 33 How many of the worlds states have ratified the two International Covenants from1966? About 130 Almost none About 150 34 What are they called, the laws and regulations that comes into practice during war and violent conflict? International Humanitarian Law The National Penal Code The Law of War 35 Are there any civil and political rights in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights? Just civil rights No Yes 36 Does the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights regulate the right to work? Yes No Yes, but just for somebody 37 When the states have ratified the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, they must Implement the rights immediately Inform the population that they have these rights Ask all other states to do the same 38 Which rights belong to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights? The right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion The right to freedom of opinion The right to social security 39 How many states have ratified the Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights? About 100 All of them About 150 40 When states ratify the Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, they are bound to Implement the rights immediately Organize an election and ask whether the population want the rights or not Implement the rights gradually through the legal system and through other measures 41 How does the UN Covenant on the Rights of the Child define children? Everybody under 15 years Everybody under 18 years Everybody under 16 years 42 Which states have not ratified the International Covenant on the Rights of the Child? None, all states have ratified it East-Timor and Iceland Somalia and the United States 43 The International Covenant on the Rights of the child confirms that Children are so young that the adults have to make all the decisions for them All children have the right to express their opinion and the right to be heard in issues that influence their lives All children have a right to express their opinion, but only when their parents agree 44 In the UN Charter (1945) it is confirmed that Women are more valuable than men Women and men are different and need to have different rights Women have the same rights as men 45 How many of the UN member countries have ratified the International Covenant on Discrimination against Women More than 90% About 50% About 70% 46 Is there a need for a Covenant on Discrimination against Women today? No, because women of today are on an equal footing with men Yes, because women are still are being discriminated against in many areas in society Yes, but only in the developing countries 47 The International Covenant relating to the Status of Refugees Defines human beings as refugees if they have been outside their homeland for more than three years Give refugees some inviolable rights, i.e. the right to international travel documents and reunification with their closest family Gives refugees the right to travel on holidays abroad twice a year 48 What are internally displaced people (IDPs)? People that are driven from their homes in their own country People that have fled to the neighbouring countries Refugees that are not allowed to live in Norwegian municipalities 49 How many unaccompanied minor asylum seekers came to Norway in 2003? Almost 3000 Almost 700 Almost 2000 50 International humanitarian law is A Covenant that confirms that human rights are not applied during war Laws that regulate what is allowed and not allowed in war and armed conflicts All the International Human Rights Covenants together  51 Individuals that are guilty in committing genocide can, regarding to international humanitarian law Be prosecuted before a national or international tribunal Be convicted without a trial and conviction Not longer be protected by human rights 52 The Permanent International Criminal Court is located in New York in the United States of America The NATO head quarters in Belgium The Hague in the Netherlands 53 Who have the primary responsibility for implementing human rights? All parents that raise children The state authorities All human beings 54 What other actors play important roles when it comes to promoting human rights? The press and media Footballplayers Actors and celebrities 55 What must states do in order to fulfil their human rights obligations? Respect, promote and observe the human rights Establish a national center to take care of victims of human rights abuses Make sure that there are enough police in the streets 56 Is it the states that are responsible for giving children human rights education at school? Yes No Yes, but the children must only learn about children´s rights 57 The members of intergovernmental organisations are States Non-governmental organisations Citizens that have paid the organisation fee 58 The European Council is A private human rights organisation with headquarters in Belgium A UN department responsible for human rights in Europe An intergovernmental organisation where European states are members 59 When a state has ratified a covenant on human rights it is obliged to Participate at all the organisation´s meetings On a regularly basis report to the organisation, on how the covenant is being implemented Every third year put pressure on other states to ratify the covenant 60 Non-governmental organisations Often talk about creating "heaven on earth" Often work towards ideal goals Have as staff only particularly nice persons 61 NGO means Nice and Good Organisations No Good Organisations Non-Governmental Organisations 62 It is important that the media and press know about human rights because They are incompetent when it comes to respecting peoples private lives They should do a better job teaching people about their rights One of their tasks is to be watchdogs that speak out when states abuse their power 63 Why are the press and media important actors when it comes to human rights work? Because the population can get information about human rights abuses Because they earn money and can be members of human rights organisations Because they often write about celebrities and amusing events, so that we can forget about all the bad things that happen in the world 64 Why can it be dangerous to be a journalist? Because they often have to drive on dangerous roads Because they are sometimes persecuted, put into jail and even killed if they write critically about people in power Because they live unhealthy lives 65 The Nuremberg Tribunal was established to Punish criminals from the WWII Punish criminals from the WWI Punish criminals from the cold war 66 An ad-hoc tribunal is A tribunal that "pretends" to prosecute war criminals, while it really lets them off the hook A permanent national tribunal A tribunal aiming to prosecute criminals from a specific armed conflict which stops to function when this task is completed 67 In 1998 a permanent international tribunal was established, because The states wanted to put an end to war crimes once and for all There is a need to prosecute war criminals, in cases where the national authorities is not able, or willing, to do it themselves The ad-hoc tribunals were completely incompetent 68 Human rights are perceived as "complicated" because People do not agree on which categories of human rights that are most important Ordinary people do not to understand what human rights are about It is a complex legal field 69 The most important human rights message is that All people shall be treated equal in all circumstances All people have the right to do what they like All human beings have the same dignity and nobody shall be discriminated against 70 It is important that all human beings learn about human rights so that Everybody in the end have the same opinions about what is right and what is wrong We can have 100% peace in the world We can find a way to live together despite our differences 71 The human rights situation in Norway is Bad Pretty good, but human rights violations happens also in Norway Perfect 72 Why is it often said that human rights protect the right to be different? Because when a person makes use of its rights, he or she becomes a little bit different than the others Because people that are not seen to be "different", do not need human rights Because those who are seen to be different, often need the protection that human rights can give 73 Your engagement in human rights work is important because Much human rights work are being done by ordinary people in their daily lives It happens, most likely, a lot of crimes in your neighbourhood You can make your own human rights covenant 74 The Human Rights Movement needs Only angry, radical activists that demonstrate in the streets and cry out loud All types of people with all types of skills Only people with formal human rights education

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